DAX III - Filtering Queries with CALCULATETABLE and FILTER

So far the queries that we have created in DAX have focused on the entire result set (with the exception of the start at clause in evaluate). Naturally, we would want to restrict the rowset in some way and this is the focus of this post - how to filter row-set tables in DAX queries. There are two ways to do this, firstly, we can use the CACULCUATETABLE syntax and secondly we can use a FILTER that covers the evaluate syntax.