Tabular Parent/Child Dimensions: SumOfLeaves and the CALCULATE wall

In my last post about Parent/Child hierarchies, there is a question, in the comments, that I found interesting. Nevertheless, the formula is a complex one and cannot be written in a simple comment. Thus, I am making a follow-up to that post. I am not repeating all the stuff of the previous post so, please, read that before reading this one, to have the necessary background.